Types of Sports Massage
Sports massage has a history that spans the 20th century and has been developed with the aim of supporting athletes in their training, performance, and recovery.
In the early 20th century, sports massage was primarily associated with injury treatment and rehabilitation for athletes. Pioneers like Jack Meagher and Therese Bertherat contributed to the development of techniques that focused on improving athletic performance and preventing injuries.
The purpose of sports massage is to optimize the muscular function and range of motion of athletes. It involves techniques such as stroking, deep tissue massage, and stretching exercises, targeted at specific muscle groups and areas that are stressed during athletic activity.
Today, sports massage is an integral part of sports medicine and training programs at all levels. In addition to supporting recovery and preventing injuries, sports massage is used to relieve muscle tension, improve flexibility, and promote overall well-being in athletes.
There are three types of sports massage (some say more, and others say fewer):
- Pre-competition: Here, a more stimulating massage is given, often faster and possibly more superficial to avoid deep soreness before the competition. This massage can be performed up to 24 hours before an event or just a few hours prior. The purpose is to awaken the nervous system and “warm up” the muscles. As for stretching exercises, most massage therapists opt for short stretches, again to “awaken” the nervous system rather than relax it.
- Post-competition: Typically, a more relaxing and deep massage with calm massage techniques and long stretches is given to help both superficial and deep muscles relax. This can take place immediately after the competition when body temperature has returned to normal or in the hours following. This massage helps to recover the athlete’s muscles and mind.
- Maintenance: Maintenance massage should be given when the athlete is not in the competition period and has a reduced training load or during the athlete’s off-season. Here, the massage targets problem areas and the muscles that are most heavily stressed in the specific sport. Massage is used here as a preventive measure.
Sports massage is closely related to therapeutic massage, also known as Swedish massage or Classic massage internationally.
In sports massage, the techniques of tapotement and vibration are used more frequently than in therapeutic massage. Additionally, joint rotations, oscillations, and MET (Muscle Energy Techniques) stretching techniques are used far more than in therapeutic massage.
Learn more about the Historical facts of Sports massage by reading this article
Sports Massage has since 2021 been a category at the World Championship in Massage and the International Massage Associations offer Masterclasses in Sports Massage.
- Tekst by Jeppe Tengbjerg
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